![]() ![]() Recommendation: When you upgrade to Windows Server 2016, convert all VHD files to the VHDX format. Each format supports three types of virtual hard disk files. There are two virtual hard disk formats: VHD and VHDX. These disks can be virtual hard disks that are file abstractions of a disk or a pass-through disk on the host. Virtual disks can be exposed to the VMs through the virtual controllers. Hyper-V automatically makes a best effort to balance virtual HBAs to host HBAs that access the same virtual SAN. Up to four HBAs can be configured for each VM. Recommendation: To maximize throughput on hosts installed with more than one HBA, configure multiple virtual HBAs inside the Hyper-V VM. The SAN fabric should support NPIV, and HBA ports used for the virtual Fibre Channel should be set up in a Fibre Channel topology that supports NPIV. Each host HBA is required to use an HBA driver that supports Windows Server 2016 Virtual Fibre Channel/NPIV capabilities. Virtual Fibre Channel disks require one or more Fibre Channel HBAs to be installed on the host. Large data drives and drives shared between multiple VMs (for guest clustering scenarios) are prime candidates for virtual Fibre Channel disks. ![]() Virtual Fibre Channel disks bypass the NTFS file system in the root partition, which reduces the CPU usage of storage I/O. Virtual Fibre Channel HBAsĬonfigure Virtual Fibre Channel HBAs to allow direct access for VMs to Fibre Channel and Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) LUNs. Create other controllers only as required to scale the number of disks connected to the VM. Recommendation: For optimal performance, attach multiple disks to a single virtual SCSI controller. Support for SCSI disks is available in Windows Server 2012 R2 and later, where the controller is reported as SAS to support shared VHDX. For Generation 2 VMs, SCSI disks are the only type of controller possible. The SCSI path isn't emulated, which makes it the preferred controller for any disk other than the OS disk. Each virtual SCSI controller can support up to 64 devices. SCSI (small computer system interface) controllers expose SCSI disks to the VM. OS disks have performance limitations due to the maximum I/O size that can be issued to these devices. Recommendation: Only use IDE disks for operating system (OS) disks. Disk I/O performed by using the IDE filter driver provided with integration services is significantly better than the disk I/O performance provided with the emulated IDE controller. It's the only controller available for guest VMs running earlier versions of Windows without Hyper-V VM integration services. IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) controllers expose IDE disks to the VM. Hyper-V offers three types of virtual controllers: IDE, SCSI, and virtual Fibre Channel host bus adapters (HBAs). The following sections describe the optimizations possible for each stage. The storage I/O path extends across four successive stages: This article explores different options and considerations for tuning storage I/O performance in a virtual machine (VM). ![]()
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